<B>pastern, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>the part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof. <DD><B> 2. </B>the corresponding part in related animals, such as a donkey, mule, or cow. <DD><B> 3. </B>either of two bones of this part, the upper or great pastern bone and the lower or small pastern bone, connected at a joint, the pastern joint. </DL>
<A NAME="pasteup">
<B>paste-up, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> an item which is a composition of parts of other things pasted together or in position on a background material. It may be an art collage, a printer's dummy, or offset copy ready for photographing. </DL>
<A NAME="pasteureffect">
<B>Pasteur effect,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> (Biology.) the shift of primitive organisms from fermentation to respiration in the presence of certain amounts of oxygen. </DL>
<A NAME="pasteurism">
<B>pasteurism, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> the theories and techniques of Louis Pasteur, the French chemist and bacteriologist, especially the technique of treating or preventing certain diseases, such as rabies (hydrophobia), by inoculation with a virus of gradually increasing strength. </DL>
<A NAME="pasteurization">
<B>pasteurization, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>the process of pasteurizing. <BR> <I>Ex. The pasteurization of milk is required by law.</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>the fact or condition of being pasteurized. </DL>
<A NAME="pasteurize">
<B>pasteurize, </B>transitive verb, <B>-ized,</B> <B>-izing.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>to heat (milk, wine, beer, or other liquid) hot enough and long enough to kill harmful bacteria and to prevent or stop fermentation. Pasteurizing milk to at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit (63 degrees centigrade) for about 30 minutes, and then chilling it quickly to 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees centigrade) or less, kills the bacteria of undulant fever and bovine tuberculosis. <DD><B> 2. </B>(Obsolete.) to treat or prevent (rabies) by Pasteur's technique of virus inoculation. </DL>
<A NAME="pasteurizer">
<B>pasteurizer, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> an apparatus for pasteurizing milk, wine, beer, or other liquid. </DL>
<A NAME="pasticcio">
<B>pasticcio, </B>noun, pl. <B>-ci.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> pastiche; hodgepodge. <BR> <I>Ex. What a pasticcio of gauzes, pins, and ribbons go to compound that multifarious thing--a well-dressed woman (Richard Cumberland).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="pastiche">
<B>pastiche, </B>noun, verb, <B>-tiched,</B> <B>-tiching.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><I>noun </I> <B>1. </B>an artistic, musical, or literary work made up of portions of various works; medley, hodgepodge, or potpourri. <BR> <I>Ex. The surprise was that they looked like pleasant pastiches of Corot, Pissarro, and Cezanne (New Yorker).</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>something done in imitation or ridicule of another artist's style. <DD><I>v.t. </I> to combine (as various works, styles, or materials) into a mixture or hodgepodge. <BR> <I>Ex. the unfortunate Victorian habit of "reviving," that is, pastiching, the Renaissance, the Baroque, and just about every style of the past (London Times).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="pasticheur">
<B>pasticheur, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a composer of pastiches. </DL>
<A NAME="pasties">
<B>pasties, </B>noun pl.<DL COMPACT><DD> a pair of small adhesive coverings on the breasts. </DL>
<A NAME="pastil">
<B>pastil, </B>noun. =pastille.</DL>
<A NAME="pastillage">
<B>pastillage, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>confectionary work made of sugar paste and formed in imitation of various objects. <BR> <I>Ex. The cake is decorated with 46 lb. of marzipan and 25 lb. of royal icing and pastillage (London Times).</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>ornamentation in ceramics by means of a surface application, as of scrolls or flowers, modeled separately in clay. </DL>
<A NAME="pastille">
<B>pastille, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a flavored or medicated lozenge; troche. <BR> <I>Ex. The ancient Egyptians chewed aromatic pastilles (New Yorker).</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>a small roll or cone of aromatic paste, burned especially as a disinfectant or incense. <DD><B> 3. </B>pastel for crayons. <DD><B> 4. </B>a crayon made from pastel. </DL>
<A NAME="pastime">
<B>pastime, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a pleasant way of passing time; amusement; recreation, as a game or sport. <BR> <I>Ex. Baseball has been called America's national pastime. She also finds time for ... such normal pastimes as knitting a sweater (Newsweek).</I> (SYN) diversion. </DL>
<A NAME="pastiness">
<B>pastiness, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> pasty quality, condition, or consistency. </DL>
<A NAME="pasting">
<B>pasting, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> (Slang.) a violent and damaging attack; beating. <BR> <I>Ex. The Hawks beat the Canadiens 7-1, the worst pasting the Stanley Cup champions took all season (Maclean's).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="pastis">
<B>pastis, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a strong liqueur with a flavor like absinthe. </DL>
<A NAME="pastmaster">
<B>past master,</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a person who has much experience in any profession, art, or other enterprise. (SYN) adept, expert. <DD><B> 2. </B>a person who has filled the office of master in a society, lodge, or other similar organization. </DL>
<A NAME="pastmistress">
<B>past mistress,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a woman well skilled in some accomplishment or study. </DL>
<A NAME="pastness">
<B>pastness, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> the quality or state of being past. <BR> <I>Ex. Although they may seem archaic, their pastness isn't so very past (New Yorker).</I> </DL>
<A NAME="pastor">
<B>pastor, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a minister in charge of a church or congregation; spiritual guide. <BR> <I>Ex. A Moses or a David, pastors of their people (Francis Bacon).</I> <DD><B> 2a. </B>a starling of Asia and Europe, whose plumage is partly rose-colored. <DD><B> b. </B>any bird of the same group. <DD><B> 3. </B>(Archaic.) a herdsman or shepherd. </DL>
<A NAME="pastorage">
<B>pastorage, </B>noun. =parsonage.</DL>
<A NAME="pastoral">
<B>pastoral, </B>adjective, noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><I>adj. </I> <B>1. </B>of shepherds or country life. <BR> <I>Ex. a pastoral occupation, a pastoral poem. The pastoral tribes of the mountains graze their sheep on the hillside.</I> (SYN) rustic, country, bucolic. <DD><B> 2. </B>simple or naturally beautiful like the country. <BR> <I>Ex. a pastoral landscape.</I> <DD><B> 3. </B>of a pastor, his office, or his duties. <BR> <I>Ex. a pastoral visit.</I> <DD><I>noun </I> <B>1a. </B>a play, poem, or novel dealing with shepherds or country life. <DD><B> b. </B>such works as a type or class. <BR> <I>Ex. There are some things of an established nature in pastoral, which are essential to it, such as a country scene, innocence, simplicity (Sir Richard Steele).</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>a picture or scene depicting shepherds or country life. <DD><B> 3. </B><B>=pastoral letter.</B> <DD><B> 4. </B><B>=crosier </B>(def. 1). <DD><B> 5. </B><B>=pastorale.</B> adv. <B>pastorally.</B> </DL>
<A NAME="pastorale">
<B>pastorale, </B>noun, pl. <B>-rali,</B> <B>-rales.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> (Music.) <DD><B> 1. </B>an opera, cantata, or other vocal work with a pastoral subject. <DD><B> 2. </B>an instrumental composition in pastoral or rustic style, usually in 6/8, 9/8, or 12/8 time. </DL>
<A NAME="pastoralepistle">
<B>Pastoral Epistle,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> one of the Epistles to Timothy or Titus in the New Testament, dealing especially with a pastor's work. </DL>
<A NAME="pastoralism">
<B>pastoralism, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> pastoral quality or character. </DL>
<A NAME="pastoralist">
<B>pastoralist, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>a keeper of flocks or herds. <DD><B> 2. </B>a writer of pastorals. </DL>
<A NAME="pastoralize">
<B>pastoralize, </B>transitive verb, <B>-ized,</B> <B>-izing.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>to make pastoral or rural. <BR> <I>Ex. The [Morgenthau] plan proposed to destroy all German industry and pastoralize the nation (Time).</I> <DD><B> 2. </B>to make the subject or theme of a pastoral; celebrate in a pastoral poem. </DL>
<B>pastorate, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>the position or duties of a pastor. <DD><B> 2. </B>the term of service of a pastor. <DD><B> 3. </B>pastors as a group. <DD><B> 4. </B>a pastor's residence; parsonage. </DL>
<A NAME="pastorium">
<B>pastorium, </B>noun, pl. <B>-toriums,</B> <B>-toria.</B><DL COMPACT><DD> (Southern U.S.) a parsonage. </DL>
<A NAME="pastorship">
<B>pastorship, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> the position or duties of a pastor; pastorate. </DL>
<A NAME="pastparticiple">
<B>past participle,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> the participle that indicates time gone by, or a former action or condition. <I>Played</I> and <I>thrown</I> are past participles in "She has played all day," and "The ball should have been thrown to me." The past participle is used in forming the English passive (<I>is stolen</I>) and perfect (<I>has stolen</I>) constructions and as an adjective (<I>stolen money</I>). For most verbs the past participle has the same form whether used as an adjective or in a verb phrase; for a few it differs (clean<I>-shaven</I> man, had <I>shaved</I>). (Abbr:) pp. </DL>
<A NAME="pastperfect">
<B>past perfect,</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>the verb tense used to show that an event was completed before a given past time. In "He had learned to read before he went to school," <I>had learned</I> is the past perfect of <I>learn. Past perfect</I> and <I>pluperfect</I> mean the same. <DD><B> 2. </B>a verb form or verbal phrase in such a tense. </DL>
<A NAME="pastprogressive">
<B>past progressive,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> the verbal tense or tense form that expresses progress, recurrence, or habitual action in the past, as <I>were running</I> in the sentence <BR> <I>Ex. They were running away from the place.</I> </DL>
<A NAME="pastrami">
<B>pastrami, </B>noun.<DL COMPACT><DD> a smoked and well-seasoned cut of beef, especially a shoulder cut. </DL>
<A NAME="pastry">
<B>pastry, </B>noun, pl. <B>-tries.</B><DL COMPACT><DD><B> 1. </B>pies, tarts, and other foods wholly or partly made of rich flour paste. <DD><B> 2. </B>any food made of baked flour paste, made rich with lard, butter, or a vegetable shortening. </DL>
<A NAME="pastrybag">
<B>pastry bag,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a bag of heavy cloth, rubber, or plastic, tapering to a small opening to which nozzles of various shapes can be attached. It is used to decorate cakes and pastries by squeezing frosting, whipped cream, or filling, through a nozzle. </DL>
<A NAME="pastrycook">
<B>pastry cook,</B><DL COMPACT><DD> a person who makes pastry or whose business is making or selling pastry. </DL>
